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Sir Salman Rushdie, FRSL (;〔Pointon, Graham (ed.): ''BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names'', 2nd edition. Oxford Paperbacks, 1990.〕 (カシミール語:अहमद सलमान रुशदी) (Devanagari), (Nastaʿlīq); born 19 June 1947〔(British Council profile )〕) is a British Indian novelist and essayist. His second novel, ''Midnight's Children'' (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981. Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent. He is said to combine magical realism with historical fiction; his work is concerned with the many connections, disruptions, and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations. His fourth novel, ''The Satanic Verses'' (1988), was the centre of a major controversy, provoking protests from Muslims in several countries. Death threats were made against him, including a ''fatwā'' calling for his assassination issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, on 14 February 1989, and as a result he was put under police protection by the British government. Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, Britain's senior literary organisation, in 1983. He was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in January 1999.〔("Rushdie to Receive Top Literary Award", ) ''Chicago Tribune'', 7 January 1999. Retrieved 26 March 2012.〕 In June 2007, Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature.〔("Birthday Honours List—United Kingdom", ) ''The London Gazette'', Issue 58358, Supplement No. 1, 16 June 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2012.〕 In 2008, ''The Times'' ranked him thirteenth on its list of the fifty greatest British writers since 1945.〔("The 50 Greatest British Writers Since 1945". ) ''The Times'', 5 January 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2010. Subscription required.〕 Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States, where he has worked at Emory University and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2012, he published ''Joseph Anton: A Memoir'', an account of his life in the wake of the controversy over ''The Satanic Verses''. ==Early life and family background== Rushdie was born in Bombay, then British India, into a Muslim family of Kashmiri descent.〔〔(''Literary Encyclopedia'': "Salman Rushdie" ). Retrieved 20 January 2008〕 He is the son of Anis Ahmed Rushdie, a University of Cambridge-educated lawyer turned businessman, and Negin Bhatt, a teacher. Rushdie has three sisters. He wrote in his 2012 memoir that his father adopted the name Rushdie in honour of Averroes (Ibn Rushd). He was educated at Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai, Rugby School in Warwickshire, and King's College, University of Cambridge, where he read history.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Salman Rushdie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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